Complete course of fundamental of computer

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Fundamental of computer
1.what is computer?
A computer is an electronic device/machine degined to accept and store data, process them and produce output result
          It has a set of device therefore, it is called computer system


Full form of computer
C--calculate (गणना करना)
O--operate (चलाना)
M--machine (यंत्र)
P--print (छपाई)
U--user (प्रयोगकर्ता)
T--type (लिखना)
E--everything (सबकुछ)
R--right (सही)


2. What is computer hardware?
The electronic parts of computer system that we can see and touch and has physical existence are called computer hardware
Such as :-CPU, mouse, keyboard, monitor, UPS,printer etc.


3. What is software?
The internal parts of computer system
Which we can only see and use and can't touch with our hand is called computer software. It has not physical existence.
Such as:-graphics, sound, image,audio, video,text etc.


4.what is computer device?
All the electronic device/machine are called computer device.
                 They are basically two types of computer device
(i) Input device
(ii) Output device


5.what is input device?
The device which helps us to put the information into the computer system is called input device.
Such as:-keyboard, mouse

• Keyboard:-It is an input device that send the text, number, special symbols and many other things into the brain of computer i.e in the CPU
• Mouse:-It is an input device. It is a pointing device it works on drag and click fashion.It has three buttons left,right and scroll button

6.what is output device?

The device that produces result after processing any information is called output device. These device are basically used for the user about working of computer system. These devices are such as:-monitor, printer, speaker etc.

• Monitor:-it is an output device that produce the result user. It has a virtual screen to display the information. Therefore, it is also called VDU(virtual display unit)
• Printer:-it is an output device that print the result and information on the paper.it has various types of categories:                                                       such as:-Inkjet, printer, laser, printer etc.                                                                    It is also connected to CPU
• Speaker:-It is an output device that & sound i.e. music or any other sound. It is also connected to CPU

7.what is CPU?

CPU stands for central processing unit.it is the most important and main parts of the computer system. It is also called the brain of the computer system. All the process take part into the CPU.it catch the information from the user through the input device.

                    

8.what is storage device?

When we store and save something into the computer for the future to access it  very easily. When we need storage device.this storage device is already installed in the CPU.

Such as:-hard disk, floppy disk, RAM etc.

Memory:-it is a device that store data for the further requirement.there are two types of memory in the computer system.

(i) VOLATILE (RAM)

(ii) NON-VOLATILE (hard disk)

• RAM:-RAM stands for Random Access Memory. It is also known as primary memory. It is basically chiep installed on the motherboard. It takes the data from secondary storage device (hard disk) and display on the terminal. It is very fast in the speed in comparison to hard disk for any other memory. It comes in size 1GB,2GB,4GB,8GB etc.it is a VOLATILE device.your data is lost when the computer turns off.
• Hard disk:-it is a secondary storage device. It stores data permanently. When computer turns off.it also stores system software and application software.                                                                             It comes in size 360GB,500GB....etc.but slow in speed in comparison to RAM
• ROM:-It stands for read only memory. User can only use it but can't change for delete. It is stores program.                        Such as:-BIOS
• Motherboard:-it is a board on which all internal devices are installed.                    Such as:-RAM,HARDDISK,processor etc
• Processor:-It is the chief that processes/calculates all information inputted by the user.                                         Now,it is known as microprocessor.
• What is software?                                  The internal things which we can't touch with our hand and there is no physical existence are called software.

Such as:-desktop, screen,any program, any video, any graphics/image etc.

• There are two types of software.               (i) system software.                                      (ii) Application software
• System software:-It is internal software. Which operate and control computer hardware. It easily understand machini language and provides a platform to coordinate with application software.     Such as:-operating system (MS-DOCS),Windows.
• Application software:-it is operated by system software. It is capital whith system software. It is basically used for user.it is also known as computer programs.                                                       Such as:-MS-Office, tally,page maker etc.

Working with computer system

• How to start the computer system.

Step 1:-connect all the cable at appropriate place

Step 2:-press the power button of CPU

Step 3:-press the power button of monitor

Step 4:-wait for the windows desktop

• How to stand by a computer system.

Step 1:-left click on start button

Step 2:-left click on turns off computer

Step 3:-left click on stand by computer

• How to turns off a computer system

Step 1:-left click on start button

Step 2:-left click on turns off computer

Step 3:-Again, left click on turns off computer system

• How to restart a computer system

Step 1:-left click on start bottom

Step 2:-left click on turns off computer

Step 3:-left click on restart buttom

Working with keyboard

1. Alphabetical keys (A-Z),(a-z)
2. Special keys (cltr,shift,alt etc)
3. Numeric keys
4. Special symbolic keys
5. Function keys (F1,F2........F12)
6. Aero keys
7. Home keys

1. Alphabetical keys:-these are used to type any text.
2. Special keys

• (Alt,Shift, Ctrl):-these keys are used along with other key for the other purpose.
• Esc:-this key is used to close any dialog box or ignore any selling.
• Tab:-this key is used to jump the cursor.
• Caps lock:-this key is used  to on or off the capital letters.
• Backspace:-This key is use to erase any text or paragraph and also to take the step back.
• Windows:-this key is use to open the start buttom.
• Right selection key:-this key is use to open the right buttom option of mouse.
• Space bar:-this key is use to give the space while typing.
• Enter key:-this key is use to open any program, change the paragraph and to give any command.